[47] 参见Case C-192/89 Sevince (1990) ECR I-3461; Case C-188/91 Deutsche Shell (1993) ECR I-363.

[48] 参见Opinion 1/76 Laying-up Fund (1977) ECR 741.

[49] 进一步参考Schermers, A Typology of Mixed Agreements, in O’Keeffe and Schermers, n.1.

[50] 参见Opinion 1/78 Natural Rubber (1979) ECR 2971.

[51] Case C-316/91 (1994) ECR I-625.

[52] 例如，Case 104/81 Hauptzollamt Mainz v. Kupferberg (1982) ECR 3641.

[53] 参见M. Hilf, “The application of GATT Within the Member States of the European Community, with Special Reference to the Federal Republic of Germany”, The European Community and GATT 153 (1986), P161.

[54] 参见曾令良， 《欧洲共同体与现代国际法》（1992），P260。

[55] Ernist-Ulrich Petersmann, the EEC as a GATT MemberLegal Conflicts between GATT Law and EC Law, in Minhard Hilf, European Community and GATT, 1986, P24.

[56] Joined Cases 51-54/71 International Fruit Company and Others v. Produktschap voor Groenten Fruit, (1971) ECR 1107.

[57] Council Decision 94/800 concerning the conclusion on behalf of the EC as regards matters within its competence of the agreements reached in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations(1986-94), (1994) OJ L 336/1.

[58] Opinion 1/94 WTO (1994) ECR I-5267.

[59] 参见D.Lasok and J.W.Bridge, Law and Institutions of the European Communities, (5th edtion, 1991),P263.

[60] 参见J.H.A.van Loon, “The Hague Conventions on Private International Law”, in F.G.Jacobs and S.Roberts, The Effect of Treaties in Domestic Law(1987), P229.

[61] 参见Case 181/73 R. & V. Haegeman v. Belgium State, (1974), ECR 449.

[62] 参见Case 21-24/72 Int. Fruit Company (1972) ECR 1219; Jointed Cases 290&291/81, ECR (1983),847.

[63] 参见Kees Jan Kuilwijk, “The European Court of Justice and the GATT Dilemma”, P105.

[64] Case 70/87 Fediol III (1989) ECR 1825. 1984年欧共体理事会通过了对抗美国1974年贸易法301条款的2681/84号条例（又称“新商业政策工具”），根据该条例，在采取涉及关贸总协定缔约方的任何单边贸易措施之前，欧共体必须援用关贸总协定争端解决机制。

[65] 中国的一些学者也认为，在这个案件中，法院判决个人可以依据GATT条款对欧洲委员会起诉。笔者这是一种错误的理解。见曾令良、陈卫东，“从欧共体看21实际区域一体化对多边贸易体制的影响”。

[66] Case C-69/89 Nakajima(1991) ECR I-2069.

[67] Case C-280/93 Germany v. Council ( Banana Market Organization) (1994) ECR I-4973.

[68] 参见Kees Jan Kuilwijk, The European Court of Justice and the GATT Dilemma, P160.

[69] COM(94) 414 final. 关于这个问题，参见C.W.A. Timmermans, “The Implemantion of the Uruguay Round by the EC”, in: J.H.J. Bourgeois, F. Berrod and E.Gippini Fournier, The Urguay Round Results: A European Lawyer’s Perspective 501 (1995), P506.21

[70] 参见曾令良、陈卫东，“从欧共体看21世纪区域一体化对多边贸易体制的影响”。

[71] 参见M. Maresceau, “The GATT in the Case-Law of the European Court of Justice”, in: M. Hilf, F. G. Jacobs and E. U. Petersmann, The European Community and GATT 107(1986).

[72] 这些国家的名单可以在第3284/94号条例附件3、4和5（OJ 1994L 348/1）以及被修正的第998/97号条例（O J 1997 L 144/13）中查到。